
Ethereum Block-Level Access Lists: How EIP-7928 Maps State
Learn how EIP-7928 block-level access lists record Ethereum state access, enable parallel validation and executionless sync, and differ from EIP-2930.

Learn how EIP-7928 block-level access lists record Ethereum state access, enable parallel validation and executionless sync, and differ from EIP-2930.

Learn how Ethereum weak subjectivity checkpoints stop long-range attacks, how checkpoint sync works, and what node operators must verify.
How Ethereum light clients verify headers and RPC data, what trustless RPC can prove, and which security and privacy limits remain.

Ethereum history expiry can shrink node storage without deleting the chain. Learn what EIP-4444 changes, what has shipped, and where old data remains available.