
ERC-4337 Paymasters Explained: How Gas Sponsorship Works
Learn how ERC-4337 paymasters sponsor gas, support token fee payments, and introduce security and availability trade-offs for smart-wallet users.
Crypto news, research, and plain-English explainers

Learn how ERC-4337 paymasters sponsor gas, support token fee payments, and introduce security and availability trade-offs for smart-wallet users.

Ethereum history expiry can shrink node storage without deleting the chain. Learn what EIP-4444 changes, what has shipped, and where old data remains available.

Learn how Ethereum calldata encodes function selectors and arguments, how explorers decode it, and what to verify before signing a contract transaction.

Learn how Ethereum blob fees work, why EIP-4844 gave rollups a separate data lane, and what can still make Layer 2 transaction costs rise.

ERC-1271 lets smart contract wallets validate signatures with programmable rules. Learn how isValidSignature works, where compatibility breaks, and key risks.

ERC-2612 Permit and Uniswap Permit2 can simplify ERC-20 approvals, but signatures still carry risk. Compare their flows, scope, and safety checks.

Multi-token crypto ETFs bundle several digital assets in one exchange-traded product. Learn how active allocation, custody, fees, and risks work.

Clear signing makes wallet prompts readable. Learn how blind signing differs, what EIP-712 and draft ERC-7730 do, and what to verify.

Cross-chain intents let you request an outcome instead of choosing every bridge step. Learn how solvers, resolvers, settlement, and ERC-7683 work.